Graphic design
Interactive media
Strategic communication

Carlos Pi  •  About me  •    CV   •  mail@carlospi.com




 

Documentary: 'What are we doing here?
The future of foreign aid in Galapagos'

Chapter 1: Background




Chapter 1:
BACKGROUND

Chapter 2:
TOURISM

Chapter 3:
FOOD


Chapter 4:
HEALTHCARE

Chapter 5:
EDUCATION

Chapter 6:
FOREIGN AID

About this documentary

I wrote and directed this documentary in july 2008 for the Galapagos National Park, as Head of Communications of Araucaria XXI, the Spanish Goverment's foreign aid Project for conservation and sustainable development in the islands.

It was conceived as background material for any external aid agency or NGO that operates, or is willing to operate, in the archipelago.

As such, it offers a critical review of the history of conservation and aspects of local development, with a view to present some of the more pressing priorities for aid intervention.

Stretegically, this product aimed to position the National Park Service as an institution capable of recognising and debating social issues related to its conservation work, thus demonstrating an understanding of different viewpoints and a predisposition for dialogue, important prerequisites for the construction of a shared vision of the future of the archipelago.

The story is told through the testimony of some of the most important local authorities as well as conservation specialists, farmers, fishers, teachers, artists and other personalities.

NOTE: This documentary does not include an introduction to the amazing Galapagos natural environment and wildlife. Given its target audience, a previous and proper appreciation Galapagos nature is assumed. For the best natural history documentary made on the topic, see the BBC's 'GALAPAGOS: The Islands That Changed the World'.



CREDITS

To make the most of the available budget, I myself carried out most of the interviews, directed the production, and wrote the script and edited the dialogue. I also took on all graphic design for video and print.

Filming, editing and production was carried out by the excellent people at Arutam Films in Quito, Ecuador.

It is narrated in Spanish by Francisco Ordóñez, President of the Quito regional Union of Journalists.

It is narrated in English by Nicola Burnett Smith, actress.


Chapter 1: Background

Galapagos, territory of the Republic of Ecuador and province since 1973, is the first Natural World Heritage Site ever declared by UNESCO, back in 1978. [1]

This Chapter follows the arrival and development of the modern conservation movement and its impact on the local inhabitants, the events leading to the landmark 1998 Special Conservation and Sustainable Development Law for Galapagos, and the following ten years, which culminated on a visit of a UNESCO mission to the islands [2] and the subsequent inclusion of Galapagos in the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger [3].

In Galapagos, as in the rest of the world, decades of antagonism between conservation organisations and and the local communities have created a legacy of resentments whose resolution is key for the creation of a shared vision of human development in the islands that avoids natural degradation.

Today, it is widely accepted that conservation cannot be split from other aspects of human life, at the same time as a growing global environmental consciousness is shaping human development.[4]

But back in Galapagos, population growth and the threat of massive tourism pose an ever-growing risk to local biodiversity and long-term sustainability.




Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz island, 1930s.

This decade saw the archipelago in its wors state of natural degradation after centuries of human depradation on land and sea, exterminating some species and bringing others close to extinction, while at the same time introducing invasive plant and animal species that continue to threaten entire ecosystems to this day.

It was also the decade when the first conservation efforts took place, focusing on saving and restoring the population of specific species, like the emblematic giant tortoises.



Ecuadorian settlers
Santa Cruz, 1935.

Settlers lived, as they do today, on the coast towns from fishing and on the higher parts of the islands where there is enough fertile soil for small plantations.

Foto: R. Blomberg



Puerto Ayora, 1963.

Up unil the 1980s, total population throughout the inhabited islands was very small.



Puerto Ayora, 2007.

In the last two decades, population growth has been unprecedented.

Successive inmigration waves caused by natural disasters on the mainland and the promise of a more prosperous (and safer) life in the tourism industry have swelled the population to some 30.000 estimated inhabitants in 2007/08.

The limits of the urban area with national park land can be clearly seen.



Urban growth continues today.

In 2009, the inhabitable area of Puerto Ayora was almost doubled in size thanks to a land exchange of more degraded areas adjacent to the town for a somewhat larger privately-owned area from the highlands with a higher biodiversity value.

This land exchange is contemplated in Ecuadorian law. It was promoted by the Puerto Ayora mayor and signed by the Environment Minister and the Director of the Galapagos National Park Service.



Cox family, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristobal island in the 1960s (in the photo, Witman Cox is the boy standing in the middle).

Life in Galapagos was hard but simple, and completely bound to its natural surroundings.

Food was locally fished, hunted or grown, and the few items brought in from the mainland were expensive.



Witman Cox with his own family, 2008.

Urban Galapagos resembles more and more a typical Ecuadorian town, both in its appearance and in its inhabitants' habits and aspirations.

As Galapagos communities develop, the growing human activity creates new conservation challenges with an ever-increasing risk of introduction of all kinds of invasive life forms.


NOTES

[1] Galápagos Islands - UNESCO World Heritage Centre - http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1

[2] UNESCO Mission confirms threat to Galápagos Islands - http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/322

See also: Report to the World Heritage Committee on the mission carried out from February 28 to March 10, 2006 (PDF, 896 KB)

[3] Galápagos and Niokolo-Koba National Park inscribed on UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger - http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/357

[4] For a more elaborate account the the new paradigm in conservation and human development, see BBC Planet Earth: The Future - http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/10_october/12/ planet_future.shtml